Slavery in the United States Essay - 652 Words

Slavery in the United States The development and institution of slavery in the United States began when the U.S didnt even exist. When British colonies where beginning to pop up all over North East America there was a very noticeable problem; too much land and not enough people to work it. In order to work the land as much as possible many wealthy British colonist would pay to have indentured servants come to the new world and in return the indentured servants would work for them for seven years for free. At this time the servant would become free, however many servants died or ran away therefore fewer and fewer Europeans wanted to come to the New World. A very quick and very devastating solution to this was slave labor from†¦show more content†¦The Constitution, however, reduces democracy and will do more harm for slaves than good. In the years to come the Constitution goes through some major changes, one of these is the 3/5 compromise which counts all slaves as 3/5 of a person in regards to repre sentation of specific states. In January of 1808 Congress bans the importation of Slavery, which is surprisingly tolerable for the South. Southern plantation owners know that slaves are now self-sustaining, however, whites exceed slaves in population in only some parts of the South. All of America knows that slavery will become a reoccurring issue for the Nation but for now the 36 degrees, 30 minutes law states that the North is free of Slavery but the South can continue use of slaves. During this time Nationalism begins to waste away and Sectionalism begins to set in. In the 1840s the Souths population consisted of a majority of poor whites and of course slaves. In this Paternalistic society a very small amount of the population, maybe 5%, where wealthy plantation owners. Those who where in power treated everyone below them as children, there was a mass delusion that the slave life was a good life for African Americans to live. In the Southern plantation economy slaves where the backbone of every type of cultivation. In the Deep South there is a huge demand for slaves because cotton cultivation skyrockets, duringShow MoreRelatedSlavery And The United States891 Words   |  4 PagesThe Unites States during the 1850s was a harsh time for African Americans, not only were they treated extremely harsh; but many of them were slaves as well. Slavery was the topic of every discussion during this time period and the United States was literally split on the issue of slavery. A lot of the Southern States wanted to continue slavery because it was a way of life. Many of the southerners depend on slavery to help grow and harvest crops that were on acres and acres of land. Northerns, onRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1449 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Slavery is founded on the selfishness of man’s nature; opposition to it on his love for justice.† This saying by Abraham Lincoln tells us that people are really different when it comes to their beliefs and attitudes. Some are so focused on wealth, which is why they have slaves to work for free, and treated them as properties instead of real human beings. On the other hand, some people were against slavery because it violated the basic human rights like the right to life, liberty, and security.Read MoreSlavery And The United States848 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States. During these years, many different topics were up for dispute and compromises were being negotiated. Unfortunately, it was hard for all of the citizens to come to a complete compromise for the dis putes. Some states had similar opinions, while others were in a deadlock. One of the biggest disputes during this time were over slavery. While other disputes only involved a few states, slavery was a dispute that caused unrest between two distinctive regions in the United States: theRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States953 Words   |  4 PagesEvery country has a dark past, whether it’s about conquering land from Native Americans, or mass genocide of a single race. The United States was no different from the rest of the world, especially when slavery was involved. The South had its reasons on why to establish and justify the slavery system while the North rejected their beliefs. By focusing on the South’s argument, this will help to understand why they fought for their rights to keep slaves and understand how the African Americans wereRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1095 Words   |  5 Pagesattempted to cure their complete opposition on the regulation of slavery by using federal power to coerce an end to the feud, yet the movement increased tension between the divided nation. By invoking both legislative and judicial power, politicians used laws which included slave codes and freedom laws as well as court decisions like Dred Scott v Sandford (1875) to convince or force the population into acceptance of stances on slavery. Each party viewed their tactics and ideas to be righteous, andRead MoreSlavery And The United States1305 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery; An Issue Neglected to a Key Principle in the U.S. For 20 years slavery had existed in the United States of America despite its immorality and the objections of many citizens. Strides were made to correct this injustice around the time of the Revolutionary war; colonists started to demand their natural human rights from Britain. In 1766, our founding fathers were the first faced with a decision to abolish slavery; they felt the pressure from facing the purpose of their campaign due to theRead MoreSlavery And The United States1507 Words   |  7 PagesOver the centuries, slavery held a prominent factor in United States history. Slavery shaped and formed what society was in the United States. Slavery’s influence impacted the United States in various ways. The ways that slavery impacted United States history are the United States economy, society and politics. Some historians argue slavery is not an important factor in United States history. However, they are wrong because slavery brought many different political movements and t he Underground RailroadRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States976 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery has played a very integral part in the development of the United States so far. It has taught people the importance of racial equality and moral discipline, which was lacked back in the time when slavery existed. Moreover, slaves were used mostly by farmers and business owners who wanted to maximize their profits and wanted cheap sources of labor. Slaves were first imported into the United States back in 1502 by a merchant named; Juan de Cà ³rdoba. The South was very interested in bringingRead MoreSlavery And The United States1673 Words   |  7 Pageshowever, when slavery existed, blacks were undermined and denied many freedoms entitled to them under the Constitution. There were many topics argued about, but slavery caused the most dispute within the country. In the 1850’s, the pro-slavery South and the anti-slavery North collided when the case of Dred Scott, a black slave who attempted to gain liberation, was brought to court. The North and South had vastly different views on the subject of slavery, Scott had resided in the free state of IllinoisRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1670 Words   |  7 Pageswedge between the nation. As the United States progressed into different industries, slavery benefited only one side of the country – the south. The north began outlawing slavery, deeming it as immoral and unconstitutional while the south needed and depended on slavery to maintain their economy. The opposing sides on the slave system lead to arguments between the North and the South as to decide what new territories would allow slavery, then leading on to outlawing slavery all together. Tensions increased

Effective Communication Essay - 1279 Words

Paper Effective Communication Helena Herbert HCS/325 October 23, 2012 Brian Dufrene Effective Communication â€Å"Communication is the process of sharing information, thoughts and feelings between people through speaking, writing or body language. Effective communication extends the concept to require that transmitted content is received and understood by someone in the way it was intended† (Brown, 2011, para. 1). According to (University of Phoenix, 2012, 2010), â€Å"Workplace trends within and outside of health care require employees to connect with an ever-widening array of coworkers, consultants,†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Long-term care involves providing a level of medical care that requires the expertise of skilled practitioners to address the often multiple chronic conditions associated with older populations†, (â€Å"Long-term care,† August 18, 2012). Long-term care is provided in the client’s home, in the community, in assisted living facilities or in nursing homes. Long-term care is used and needed by people of any age, but is more common needed for senior citizens, (Wikipedia (August 18, 2012)). How does the Familiar Organization Currently Share Knowledge or Involve Employees in Formulating Solutions to Problems Comfort Keepers Home Health Services has quarterly meetings every three months which encourages the involvement of all employees, (CNA’s, caregivers, and office workers). All employees of Comfort Keepers are invited to share in the decision-making process of the firm by participating in activities such as setting goals to better services for clients, determining work schedules, and making suggestions. Another form of participation may involve the employee’s input on increasing each employee’s responsibility or job enrichment. Quarterly meeting also encourage the employees to form self-managed teams, quality circles, and soliciting survey feedback to ensure each employee is giving their best in the household of the clientShow MoreRelatedCommunication : Effective And Effect ive Communication818 Words   |  4 PagesEffective communication is an extremely important piece in a business organization. Not only does effective communication increase work flow it also enhances and keeps good morale in the workplace. In effective communication has the reverse effect and can be an anchor on production and workplace morale. According to Rogers,† Communication failures may occur when information is not clear or to complex, which causes problems with information recall. When too much information is given at once, incompleteRead MoreEffective Communication1085 Words   |  5 PagesEffective communication Communication is primarily an exchange of information, ideas, or thoughts. This paper will focus on the process of verbal and nonverbal communication as well as the components of each. It outline the formal and informal channels of criminal channels. This paper will also list the different barriers to effective communication within a criminal justice organization. Finally it will cover strategies that can be implemented to overcome communication barriers within criminalRead MoreEffective Communication1513 Words   |  7 PagesEffective Communication Bryan Walker CJA/304 Version 4 May 5, 2014 There are many aspects to the communication process. It is necessary to take into consideration the definition of communication. Communication has been defined as a process involving several steps, among two or more persons, for the primary purpose of exchanging information (Wallace, 2009). Communication requires transmitting an idea, sending the idea through a medium, receiving the message, understanding the idea, andRead MoreEffective Communication3193 Words   |  13 PagesCommunication Communication and Effective Communication Khaled Nashaat Mamdouh HROB 501- M9- ID: 7-3691 Dr. Ahmed Amin January, 21st, 2007 A. INTRODUCTION Determining or figuring out the level of importance of communication in any organization or even between people in their daily lives is fairly impractical. No one can ever resolve the significance of communication because it is such a gigantic topic with many different definitions and understandings. Also communication and gainingRead MoreEffective Communication2513 Words   |  11 PagesINTRODUCTION†¦ Communication has existed since the beginning of human beings, but it was not until the 20th century that people began to study the process. As communication technologies developed, so did the theories. Before becoming simply communication, or communication studies, the discipline was formed from three other major studies: psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Psychology is the study of human behaviour, Sociology is the study of society and social process, and anthropologyRead MoreCommunication : An Effective Communication1318 Words   |  6 Pages1 Communication Communication remains a critical aspect of everyday life of all people across the globe, be it in the workplace, family meetings, business activity, or any other initiative that requires human interaction (Varner, 2000). According to the author stated above, communication can be only effective when both parties not only understand each other but also able to comprehend the cultural backgrounds of each other. Such understanding is essential in ensuring effective communication withoutRead MoreCommunication : An Effective Communication919 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication Communication is one of the most essential tools in management, however, effective communication is difficult to achieve when you have 150 direct reports. I rely heavily on the charge nurses, however, they have varied abilities in effectively communicating information to the staff. Consequently, there is often a lack of clarity in the communication complete miscommunication to the staff via the charge nurses. Clearly one of the most efficient ways to communicate important informationRead MoreEffective Communication780 Words   |  3 PagesEffective communication is the process of transferring information or thoughts to someone or a group of people by way of speaking, writing or body language. According to â€Å"Livestron.com† (2014), â€Å"Effective communication extends the concept to require that transmitted content is received and understood by someone in the way it was intended. The goals of effective communication include creating a common perception, changing behavior s and acquiring information† (para. 1). It is important that the personRead MoreEffective Communication And Communication Skills Essay1146 Words   |  5 Pagestogether as a team to collaborate, delegate and consult. In order for this team effort to be effective, good communication skills must exist between medical professionals. Many times, messages can be altered and interpreted differently; if the conditions for transmission barriers develop. External barriers and internal barriers, such as confusion and mental status can hinder effective communication. Communication can be both verbal and nonverbal, and it is important to understand that different culturesRead MoreEffective Communication And The Barriers Of Communication Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pagesstudy of effective communication and the barriers of communication is very important in the workplace in order for the company to be successful. Every person in the business will have to communicate in one form or anothe r. The better the communication in the workplace the better the relationships with each other. In this article I will help you to understand the processes needed in order to have effective communication in the workplace. I will discuss the importance of effective communication, the

Being a Part of a Team More Important Than Leading It Free Essays

string(241) " to give the credit to the member who do the best efforts and encourage other members to do the same and get the credit and keep up the work, but this tactics must be done by the right way to avoid any bad feelings against the other member\." â€Å"Being part of a team is more important than leading it. † It is too difficult these days during the complexity of business and corporate pressure to build out teams, in order to resolve business challenges situations like service, product renovation, turnaround recovery plans, launch new products, meet the market changes and challenges it’s important to pay attention to building a team. Team, by concept, is a group of members whom could be selected or nominated usually by management; the role is to execute a certain business â€Å"mission† within the organization under a very clear goals and objectives with a defined timeline as well as deliverables. We will write a custom essay sample on Being a Part of a Team More Important Than Leading It or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now a day’s both economy and the business growing very fast and the challenges is continuously increasing. New concepts came up, new technology and new strategies invented ,the world moving very fast ,everything now in a mass, production in a mass ,corporate in a mass ,so all the people they don’t have time to work individually to achieve the mission assigned to them ,so now the techniques to work in a group came up with all the challenges we have it, one person can’t solve the problem right from the first time and with required time. Single person doesn’t have the time, the required skills and /or the expertise to accomplish various tasks, task that must be carried out successfully in order to successfully tackle the problem of interest. By wording we are calling it a team not a group, hence there is a big difference between the both, we can’t call the football or basketball team a football group, group not like the team, team usually have one goal, one mission, one task and one problem to solve, but the group is a group of people from different place and different objective but they met together, Like a random sample taken. There is no I in team but there is in win† , team must have a harmony between each other’s and with the team leader they must have the same spirit and the same challenges with different skills /experiences to complete each other’s and reach to the ideal team, â€Å"I am a member of a team, and I rely on the team, I defer to it and sacrifice for it, because t he team not the individual is the ultimate champion†, It is not only the matter to form a team and nominate a team leader to let the team working under his/her coaching, but all the team member including the team leader must be an effective member, and to be an effective team member it is must have good people skills and communication skills in addition to a high strong technical skill set, the guidelines for being an effective team member include: Responsible A team member must be a proactive ,if they came to know there is a task needs to be solve or done, the team member have the skills to do it ,a team member has to take the initiative to do it and to be dependable to do fair share of the work and strive to accomplish any tasks in a timely manner, doing so will allow the team to meet the dead line, and to be accountable if the team member agreed to take on a specific task. It is also important to deliver his promises and if he faces difficulties in solving the problem he has to communicate to the team at the right time so they can come up with alternatives to solve a problem and meet the dead lines as well as obligations, as a result the team can meet the goal desired. Effectively communication Good communication skills s important for an effective team member, that’s mean all the team members must be open to each other, talk to each other, listen good and show the respect to the new ideas and take the intuitive to share to add value to the ideas generated by any team member, this is important to reach to the a good guidelines to achieve the team mission at the end, a good communication style involves honesty, friendliness, thoroughness, and high quality in achieving the goals. Respect As a team member, one has to respect other members and understand each member is an expertise in his field and has the enough knowledge to meet the task required from him, the respect attitude has to be shown between all the members and therefore there is no one better than the other, all are equal and complete each other’s. Contribution All the team members must contribute with each other each member must do the his/her full efforts and contribution to meet the team objectives and goals, this one of the important role for an effective team leader to get all the member share equally the contribution and spread the spirit of working in an effective teal to let the team succeed. Team could suffer heavily from a team member who is not cooperating, or blending, or benefiting the team with his expertise and input. A survey conducted by The American Institutes for Research, showed that one-third of 1,000-plus respondent organizations reported that strong internal resistance and/or sabotage is a significant barrier to be overcome on the road to successful team implementations. Conflict of interest Conflict is unavoidable whenever we work in a team, each member has a different views/opinions and sometime stuck on it, as an effective team member one must work on it and show the other member respecting of his/her views and try work with and adapted it slowly to show the positive if we do some alteration or changes for the member views and this one of the most common difficulties meet an effective t eam. Appreciations Not all of the team members do the same efforts, it different from one member to the other, and here the role of the team leader appear to give the credit to the member who do the best efforts and encourage other members to do the same and get the credit and keep up the work, but this tactics must be done by the right way to avoid any bad feelings against the other member. You read "Being a Part of a Team More Important Than Leading It" in category "Essay examples" All the above mentioned points rose to reach for an effective team member to achieve the team mission, and goals. The way a team plays as a whole determines its success, you may have the greatest bunch ofcindividual stars in the world, but if they don’t play together, the club won’t be worth a dime† , as we covered the guide lines to have an effective team member, now it comes the role of the team leader, the objectives, the goals and the leadership style. The leadership style is simply the patterns of behavior a leader adopts to plan motivate and control, it is the extent to listens, set the goals and standards, develop action plan (long/short term), guide others, gives his/her feedback and reward and punish. Although the leaders face an unlimited range of situations, research has shown that there are six styles or behavior patterns that they apply to the situations they encounter: 1-The coercive style This style primary objective is immediate compliance from employees but the downside of it is lack of flexibility, empowerment and responsibility. This style can be used in straight forward tasks and in crisis situation (team needs clear directions and you have relevant information), but it is a least effective in a complex tasks and over the long term. 2-The authoritative style This style primary objective is providing long term direction and vision for the team, the downside is that it’s not good with expert groups, this is can be more effective when a new vision is needed and new team member needs guidance, this style should be avoided when employees are experienced and know as much if no more than the leader. 3- The affiliative style This style has the primary objective of creating the harmony among employees and between the leader and the team, the downsides of this style is lack of constructive feedback and direction, this style to be used more effective in a straightforward task and with an adequate performance, this is style should be avoided when employees’ performance is inadequate and corrective performance feedback is required. 4-The democratic style This style has the primary objective of building commitment and consensus among employees, the downside of this style is the time consuming, leave team member confused, this style is more effective when the team member are competent and have a knowledge more than the team leader and least effective in crisis situation and there is no time for a meetings or discussions. 5-The pacesetting style This style has the primary objective of accomplishing tasks to a high standard of excellence, the downside of this style can lower moral and lead to feelings of being overwhelmed and pressured, this style more effective when team members are also pacesetters and resource or time constraints necessitate the leader involvement. This style is least effective when direction of the team is unclear and team members are unconvinced 6-The coaching style This style has the primary objective of employees long term professional development, this is style is not effective when employee lacks motivation, resistant to changing, or leader lacks expertise, this style most effective hen the team member have a clear sense of aspirations and are motivated, this style is least effective if the team members are new and have a lack of experience, it’s important to avoid this style during crisis situation. Before applying any style from the above mentioned leadership styles, the leader has to stimul ate his/her thinking about which style to use, and how the style will affects others motivation, the effective manager has to diagnose the demand of the situation, the experience of the team, the strengths and weakness of the team member, another dimension to watch is the complexity of the task, time pressure, resources available, and keep an open mind and watch out for changes in the situation. Leader should avoid using one style as a habit, the style should match the situation as one style does not apply for all ,the team leader has to select a style that best fit the situation and even the leader can as the team member too to assist him/her to select the style matching with the situation and the team goals and objectives ,the team leader must be flexible to switch from one style to another, even the leader can mix two or more styles to meet all required tasks and to assist for achieving the team goals, â€Å" A working relationship that provides influence or support on a regular basis for the most important decisions a has to make† , Form my opinion I think the team must slow down first before speeding up to tasks, most of the teams like to jump right into the task, but relationship building, active development of norms, and goal setting is needed first. The team leader must be more strategic about the first team meeting, he/she must structure team culture first an d not to leave it to chance, building a relationship and trust first is a key to avoid long term problems like task conflict and discovering expertise. One of the most crucial components of success is to know how to work productively in a team environment, working well with others and having strong interpersonal skills can take a person far in life, in career settings and beyond. It is a combinations between the team leader and the team member starting from constructed the team till set the team goals and objectives, all parties including team member and team leader have to work together effectively to put the style of work and agreed to spread a good spirit between all the members, the whole team has to work as one person everyone knows his/her responsibilities very well and ready to assist the other to achieve their goals, it’s not about raising the hands and step away from the other member hence the successful of the team depend on all parties not one party , It is the responsibility of the team leader to set everything before starting the task and the responsibilities of the others to believe they are like a stone corner for the team no way the team finish the task without the other ,,, Amgad Ali ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Michael Jordan. [ 2 ]. Mia Hamm. [ 3 ]. Case commentary by Ed Mussel white. Ditto. [ 4 ]. Babe Welch. [ 5 ]. Nigel Nicholson. 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Learning Disability and Crime Associated with Criminality

Question: Discuss about the Learning Disability and Crime for Associated with Criminality. Answer: Learning disability has often been associated with criminality. This is due to the fact that criminals have often been found to possess a lower level of intelligence as compared to the general population. The lower level of intelligence is often responsible for making a person unable to understand the difference between good and bad and this is what makes the person undergoing mental deficiency highly susceptible to criminal activities. In order to understand this subject in a better and effective manner we have to first understand learning disability (Cleaver et al. 2011). There is a lot of confusion which exist regarding the appropriate definition of learning disability and it various from one country to another according to the perspective on which it is being utilised which could be social, medical and educational. Not so long age, the people with learning disabilities were known as mentally retarded and they needed special medical care and attention in order to lead a normal life which has been described in the Normalisation Theory of 1980s. Learning disability can be considered to be neurological disorder which hampers and affects the logical reasoning and processing capabilities of a person. A person suffering from learning disability generally has to undergo a lot of problem in learning basic skills such as reading, writing and performing mathematical calculations. In certain cases, the learning disability can also have a detrimental impact on the higher level skills of a person such as attention, reasoning, time planning, organisation and long/ short term memory (Roulstone et al. 2011). Learning disability affects the cognitive systems in an individual and thus it reduces the perception, attention, linguistic and mathematical abilities in that person. Thus, the people suffering from learning disability often have problem in differentiating the good from the bad and thus they are more prone to criminal activities. An American psychologist named Goddard was of the opinion that the people with learning disorders could not be held accountable for their criminal behavior as they are unable to understand the consequences of their actions due to their low intelligence levels. Goddard studied the family tree of Kallikaks who were a clan of people who were considered to be mentally incompetent. They lacked the necessary intelligence to distinguish between what is considered to be good and what is considered to be wrong and thus they did not have the sufficient power of judgment to do what is considered to be ethical and righteous in their actions. Goddard has opined that alm ost half of the people languishing in prison are suffering from what he termed as feeble-mindedness and the rate of defectiveness in among individuals in different prisons varied from 28% and 89% (Emerson Hatton, 2008). People having an Intelligence Quotient (IQ) of below 100 are considered to be having less than average levels of intelligence. It has been found that people with learning disabilities have had a history of offending behavior and these people have been found to have an IQ level of 85 which was way below the average IQ of the general population. In cases of people who suffer from even severe learning disabilities (people having IQ less than 50), they are not charged or held responsible for their criminal actions as the legal establishments finds them lacking the criminal intent to commit the crime in the first place. The mental condition of the people with severe learning disabilities is responsible for clouding their better judgment and thus the laws show a certain amount of leniency in handling out a strict punishment to these types of offenders by keeping in mind their mental condition. This shows us the humane side of the law and makes us realise the importance of treating these pa tients with care and sympathy rather than hatred (Sndenaa et al. 2008). Research has also suggested that people with learning disability might commit sexual offences inadvertently without their knowledge and this generally happens due to their misunderstanding about sex. The cognitive distortions occurring in their minds affect their level of thinking and they are unable to realise that their actions is totally wrong and inappropriate. Their lack of sexual knowledge is also one of the main reasons which might prevent them from realising the consequence of their actions and the life-long impact which their action is going to have on their victims. Rachel Fyson of Ann Craft Trust has found in a research that the people suffering from learning disabilities are also more likely to become victims of sexual abuse and they would also be unable to report the incidence of sexual abuse which had been undergone by them (Reynolds et al. 2010). Those individuals who have been sexually abused might abuse others in future. The cases of inappropriate sexual behavior are a very common trend in special schools which a high prevalence of rape and sodomy among the inhabitants. However, there are certain challenges which are being faced in this context as mentioned by the normalization theories. There is a fine line which exists between inappropriate sexual behavior between two consenting adults and what in legal terms is considered to be sexual abuse and this is one of the main reasons which there is underreporting of such cases. They law needs to clearly demarcate between the two and this will help in providing the necessary medical and psychological intervention which is necessary for the victims of sexual abuse (Fyson, 2009). Reference Roulstone, A., Thomas, P., Balderston, S. (2011). Between hate and vulnerability: unpacking the British criminal justice systems construction of disablist hate crime.Disability Society,26(3), 351-364. Cleaver, H., Unell, I., Aldgate, J. (2011).Children's Needs-Parenting Capacity: Child Abuse-Parental Mental Illness, Learning Disability, Substance Misuse and Domestic Violence. The Stationery Office. Fyson, R., Kitson, D. (2010). Human rights and social wrongs: Issues in safeguarding adults with learning disabilities.Practice,22(5), 309-320. Reynolds, A. J., Temple, J. A., Ou, S. R. (2010). Preschool education, educational attainment, and crime prevention: Contributions of cognitive and non-cognitive skills.Children and Youth Services Review,32(8), 1054-1063. Emerson, E., Hatton, C. (2008). CEDR Research Report 2008 (1): People with Learning Disabilities in England. Fyson, R. (2009). Independence and learning disabilities: why we must also recognize vulnerability.The Journal of Adult Protection,11(3), 18-25. Vacca, J. S. (2008). Crime can be prevented if schools teach juvenile offenders to read.Children and Youth Services Review,30(9), 1055-1062. Sndenaa, E., Rasmussen, K., Palmstierna, T., Nttestad, J. (2008). The prevalence and nature of intellectual disability in Norwegian prisons. Journal of intellectual disability research, 52(12), 1129-1137.